Book 19 · Zizhang 子張
19.1
子張曰：「士見危致命，見得思義，祭思敬，喪思哀，其可已矣。」
Zizhang said, “A man of service who in the face of danger is ready to give his life, at the sight of gain thinks of what is right, at a sacrifice thinks of reverence, and in mourning thinks of grief: he will do.”
19.2
子張曰：「執德不弘，信道不篤，焉能為有？
焉能為亡？」
Zizhang said, “If a man holds to virtue but not broadly, and believes in the Way but not firmly, how can he be said to have it?
How can he be said not to have it?”
19.3
子夏之門人，問「交」於子張。
子張曰：「子夏云何？」
對曰：「子夏曰：『可者與之，其不可者拒之。』」
子張曰：「異乎吾所聞：『君子尊賢而容眾，嘉善而矜不能。』
我之大賢與，於人何所不容。
我之不賢與，人將拒我，如之何拒人也！」
The disciples of Zixia asked Zizhang about friendship.
Zizhang said, “What does Zixia say?”
They replied, “Zixia says, ‘Associate with those who are acceptable, and refuse those who are not.’”
Zizhang said, “That is different from what I have heard: ‘The gentleman honors the worthy and bears with the multitude; he praises the good and pities the incapable.’
If I am greatly worthy, whom among men will I not bear with?
If I am not worthy, others will refuse me. How should I refuse them?”
19.4
子夏曰：「雖小道，必有可觀者焉；
致遠恐泥，是以君子不為也。」
Zixia said, “Even in minor ways there is surely something worth seeing;
but if one goes far on them, one may get bogged down, and so the gentleman does not take them up.”
19.5
子夏曰：「日知其所亡，月無忘其所能，可謂好學也已矣！」
Zixia said, “One who each day learns what he lacks and each month does not forget what he has mastered can be called one who loves learning!”
19.6
子夏曰：「博學而篤志，切問而近思，仁在其中矣。」
Zixia said, “Learn widely and be firm in your aims, question closely and think about what is near at hand, and humaneness lies in that.”
19.7
子夏曰：「百工居肆，以成其事，君子學以致其道。」
Zixia said, “The hundred artisans live in their workshops to complete their work; the gentleman learns in order to arrive at his Way.”
19.8
子夏曰：「小人之過也必文。」
Zixia said, “When the petty man is at fault, he is sure to gloss it over.”
19.9
子夏曰：「君子有三變：望之儼然，即之也溫，聽其言也厲。」
Zixia said, “The gentleman has three aspects: seen from afar, he is stern; up close, he is warm; and his words, when you hear them, are exacting.”
19.10
子夏曰：「君子信而後勞其民，未信則以為厲己也。
信而後諫，未信則以為謗己也。」
Zixia said, “The gentleman first gains the people’s trust and then works them hard; if he does not have their trust, they think he is oppressing them.
He first gains trust and then remonstrates; if he does not have trust, his ruler thinks he is slandering him.”
19.11
子夏曰：「大德不踰閑，小德出入可也。」
Zixia said, “In great virtue one does not cross the barrier; in small virtue some coming and going is permitted.”
19.12
子游曰：「子夏之門人小子，當洒掃，應對，進退，則可矣。
抑末也；
本之則無，如之何？」
子夏聞之曰：「噫！
言游過矣！
君子之道，孰先傳焉？
孰後倦焉？
譬諸草木，區以別矣。
君子之道，焉可誣也？
有始有卒者，其惟聖人乎！」
Ziyou said, “The disciples and young followers of Zixia are fine when it comes to sprinkling and sweeping, answering and responding, coming forward and withdrawing.
But these are the branches;
of the root they have nothing. What is to be done?”
Hearing of it, Zixia said, “Oh!
Yan You is wrong!
In the Way of the gentleman, what is handed on first?
And what is put off till later?
It is like plants and trees, which are sorted into kinds.
How can the Way of the gentleman be misrepresented?
To have the beginning and the end together, only the sage can do that!”
19.13
子夏曰：「仕而優則學，學而優則仕。」
Zixia said, “One who holds office and has strength to spare should learn; one who learns and has strength to spare should hold office.”
19.14
子游曰：「喪致乎哀而止。」
Ziyou said, “Mourning should go as far as grief and stop there.”
19.15
子游曰：「吾友張也，為難能也，然而未仁。」
Ziyou said, “My friend Zhang does what is hard to do, but he is not yet humane.”
19.16
曾子曰：「堂堂乎張也，難與并為仁矣。」
Master Zeng said, “How imposing Zhang is! It is hard to practice humaneness alongside him.”
19.17
曾子曰：「吾聞諸夫子：『人未有自致者也，必也親喪乎！』」
Master Zeng said, “I have heard the Master say, ‘Men never give their utmost of themselves, unless it is in mourning for a parent!’”
19.18
曾子曰：「吾聞諸夫子：『孟莊子之孝也，其他可能也，其不改父之臣與父之政，是難能也。』」
Master Zeng said, “I have heard the Master say, ‘In the filial piety of Meng Zhuangzi,1 the rest others could match, but that he did not change his father’s ministers or his father’s government, that is hard to match.’”
19.19
孟氏使陽膚為士師，問於曾子。
曾子曰：「上失其道，民散久矣！
如得其情，則哀矜而勿喜。」
When the Meng family made Yang Fu2 chief judge, he asked Master Zeng for advice.
Master Zeng said, “Those above have lost their Way, and the people have long been scattered!
If you get at the truth of a case, feel pity and compassion, and do not rejoice.”
19.20
子貢曰：「紂之不善，不如是之甚也。
是以君子惡居下流，天下之惡皆歸焉。」
Zigong said, “The wickedness of Zhou3 was not as extreme as all that.
That is why the gentleman hates to dwell downstream, where all the world’s wickedness flows to him.”
19.21
子貢曰：「君子之過也，如日月之食焉。
過也，人皆見之；
更也，人皆仰之。」
Zigong said, “The faults of the gentleman are like eclipses of the sun and moon.
When he is at fault, everyone sees it;
when he changes, everyone looks up to him.”
19.22
衛公孫朝問於子貢曰：「仲尼焉學？」
子貢曰：「文武之道，未墜於地，在人。
賢者識其大者，不賢者識其小者，莫不有文武之道焉。
夫子焉不學，而亦何常師之有！」
Gongsun Chao of Wei asked Zigong, “Where did Zhongni get his learning?”
Zigong said, “The Way of King Wen and King Wu has not fallen to the ground; it is among men.
The worthy remember the great part of it, the unworthy the lesser part, and none is without something of the Way of Wen and Wu.
Where would the Master not learn? And why should he have had a fixed teacher?”
19.23
叔孫武叔語大夫於朝曰：「子貢賢於仲尼。」
子服景伯以告子貢。
子貢曰：「譬之宮牆。
賜之牆也及肩，窺見屋家之好；
夫子之牆數仞，不得其門而入，不見宗廟之美，百官之富。
得其門者或寡矣！
夫子之云，不亦宜乎！」
Shusun Wushu4 said to the high officers at court, “Zigong is worthier than Zhongni.”
Zifu Jingbo told Zigong.
Zigong said, “Take the walls of a house.
My wall reaches to the shoulder, so one can peer over and see the fine rooms within;
the Master’s wall is many fathoms high, and unless one finds the gate and goes in, one does not see the beauty of the ancestral temple or the wealth of its hundred officials.
Those who find the gate may be few!
Is it not fitting, then, that this gentleman should say so?”
19.24
叔孫武叔毀仲尼。
子貢曰：「無以為也！
仲尼不可毀也。
他人之賢者，丘陵也，猶可踰也。
仲尼，日月也，無得而踰焉。
人雖欲自絕，其何傷於日月乎？
多見其不知自量也！」
Shusun Wushu disparaged Zhongni.
Zigong said, “It is no use!
Zhongni cannot be disparaged.
The worthiness of other men is a hill or a mound that can still be climbed over.
Zhongni is the sun and the moon, and there is no climbing over them.
Even if a man wished to cut himself off from them, what harm could he do the sun and the moon?
It would only show that he does not know his own measure!”
19.25
陳子禽謂子貢曰：「子為恭也，仲尼豈賢於子乎？」
子貢曰：「君子一言以為知，一言以為不知，言不可不慎也！
夫子之不可及也，猶天之不可階而升也。
夫子之得邦家者，所謂立之斯立，道之斯行，綏之斯來，動之斯和。
其生也榮，其死也哀，如之何其可及也？」
Chen Ziqin said to Zigong, “You are being modest. How is Zhongni worthier than you?”
Zigong said, “By one word a gentleman is thought wise, by one word he is thought unwise. Words must be used with care!
The Master cannot be equaled, just as Heaven cannot be climbed by a stair.
If the Master had held a state or a house, it would have been as they say: he set them up, and they stood; he guided them, and they went; he gave them peace, and they came; he moved them, and they were in harmony.
In life he was honored; in death he was mourned. How could he be equaled?”